Throughout a woman’s life, hormonal fluctuations can impact oral health. Changes in hormone levels during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause can increase the risk of gum disease and may require additional care for the mouth.
Request an AppointmentPuberty
During puberty, the body experiences an increase in sex hormones, which can heighten gum sensitivity. This can lead to increased irritation from plaque and food particles, causing gums to become swollen, red, and tender.
Menstruation
In the days leading up to menstruation, similar symptoms may occur, such as swollen gums, bleeding, or sores inside the mouth. These symptoms usually subside once the menstrual cycle begins.
Pregnancy
Pregnancy can also affect the health of your gums and teeth. Between the second and eighth months of pregnancy, you may notice swelling, bleeding, or redness in the gums. Non-cancerous lumps, which may be a reaction to local irritants, can also appear, but these generally go away after delivery. Maintaining periodontal health is important during pregnancy, as infections, including gum disease, can affect both the mother and baby. For further information, see the section on “Pregnancy and Periodontal Disease” on our website.
Oral Contraceptives
The use of oral contraceptives, which contain synthetic hormones, can also lead to gum sensitivity, swelling, and bleeding. It is essential to inform your healthcare provider about any medications you’re taking, including birth control, to avoid potential interactions, such as the reduced effectiveness of contraceptives when taken with certain antibiotics.
Menopause
Menopause and postmenopause can bring changes to your mouth, such as burning sensations in the gums, dry mouth, or unusual tastes like salty, peppery, or sour flavors. Practicing good oral hygiene and having regular professional cleanings can help manage these symptoms. Saliva substitutes are also available to relieve dry mouth.